Cerium oxide acts as a widely utilized material in numerous applications. Its remarkable chemical and physical properties contribute to its versatility. For example, cerium oxide is frequently employed in catalytic converters to minimize harmful emissions from vehicles. Additionally, it finds application in the manufacturing of polishing compounds

In the realm of advanced materials science, high-purity titanium tungsten sputtering targets play a pivotal role in the fabrication of cutting-edge thin films. These specialized targets are meticulously crafted to achieve exceptional purity levels, ensuring uniform and reproducible deposition characteristics. The synergistic combination of titanium

Sputtering is a widespread technique utilized in the fabrication of advanced thin films. Titanium (Ti) sputtering, in particular, has emerged as a favorable method due to its ability to deposit high-quality Ti thin films with controlled thickness and composition. The process involves bombarding a Ti target with energetic ions, dislodging atoms that